Uthini umvuzo omncinci wase-UK (ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo luka-2024)

Ngowuphi owona mvuzo uphantsi eNgilane? Zingaphi ii-euro ngowona mvuzo uphantsi womvuzo? Abantu abafuna ukuhlala kunye nokusebenza eNgilani (eUnited Kingdom) baphanda ukuba yintoni umvuzo omncinci eNgilani. Sikucacisela ukuba zingaphi ii-euro, zingaphi iiponti kwaye zingaphi ii-USD ngowona mvuzo uphantsi wangoku e-UK.

Ngaphambi kokungena kumxholo wokuba nguwuphi na umvuzo omncinci e-UK, kuya kuba luncedo ukunika ulwazi lokuqala malunga neemodeli zomvuzo ophantsi osetyenziswa e-UK.

Okokuqala, masinike ulwazi malunga neemodeli zomvuzo ophantsi osetyenziswa eNgilani (eUnited Kingdom).

Umvuzo omncinci eNgilani

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe malunga nokuba ungakanani umvuzo omncinci e-UK, kufuneka sinike ulwazi malunga nemali yase-UK kunye neemodeli zomvuzo omncinci.

Iponti yaseBritane yimali esemthethweni esetyenziswa yiUnited Kingdom. Iponti yaseBritani, isasazwa yiBhanki yaseNgilani. Iyunithi yeponti yaseBritane yesterling ngesentiyi kwaye I-100 yeepeni ukuya kwiponti yaseBritani e-1 ngokulinganayo. Iponti yaseBritane yaziwa ngokuba yi-GBP kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.

E-UK, umvuzo omncinci umiselwa ngokutsha nge-1 ka-Epreli ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukuba kuya kubakho ukunyuka kumvuzo omncinci, oku kunyuka kwenziwa ngo-Aprili 1 minyaka yonke.

Ubuncinci besicelo somvuzo eNgilani (eUnited Kingdom) siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabasebenzi. Kukho imirhumo emibini eyahlukeneyo yomvuzo omncinci e-UK. La maxabiso:

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-23 okanye ngaphezulu, uMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke uyahlawulwa. Umvuzo wokuphila wesizwe uchazwa njengoMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke (NLW).

Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-23 kunye nabo baqeqeshwayo bahlawulwa uMvuzo ophantsi weSizwe, obizwa ngokuba nguMvuzo ophantsi weSizwe (i-NMW).

Ekugqibeleni, nge-1 ka-Apreli 2023, umvuzo omncinci wokuphila eNgilani kubasebenzi abaneminyaka eyi-23 nangaphezulu unqunywe njenge-£ 23 (10,42 British Pounds). Lo mrhumo ngumyinge weyure. Owona mvuzo usezantsi eNgilani uya kumiselwa kwakhona ngoAprili 10,42, 1. Xa owona mvuzo uphantsi umiselwe kwakhona eNgilani nge-2024 ka-Epreli 1, siya kuhlaziya eli nqaku kwaye sibhengeze umvuzo omtsha kuwe.

Ngoku makhe sibone kwitheyibhile owona mvuzo uphantsi ohlawulwe kubasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-23 nangaphezulu kunye nowona mvuzo uphantsi uhlawulwe kubasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-23 kunye nabo baqeqeshwayo.

Owona mvuzo uphantsi eNgilani wagqityezelwa ngomhla woku-1 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2023 kwaye uya kumiselwa kwakhona nge-1 ka-Epreli ka-2024. Urhulumente uphonononga ubuncinci bemivuzo minyaka le kwaye idla ngokuhlaziywa ngo-Epreli. Umvuzo owubonayo etafileni ngumvuzo weyure.

Ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kuTshazimpuzi wama-2024, abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-21 nangaphezulu baya kuba selungelweni lokufumana uMvuzo wokuPhila weSizwe.

Kunxamnye nomthetho ukuba umqeshi ahlawule ngaphantsi koMvuzo woBuncinci beSizwe okanye uMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke.

Kwakhona kufuneka bagcine iingxelo zomvuzo ezichanekileyo kwaye bazenze zifumaneke xa beceliwe.

Ukuba umqeshi akawuhlawuli umvuzo omncinci ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka asombulule ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.

Umqeshi ukwanoxanduva lokuhlawula owona mvuzo uphantsi ngexesha kwaye ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba umqeshwa okanye umsebenzi akasaqeshwanga.

Kunxamnye nomthetho ukuba umqeshi ahlawule ngaphantsi koMvuzo woBuncinci beSizwe okanye uMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke.

Kwakhona kufuneka bagcine iingxelo zomvuzo ezichanekileyo kwaye bazenze zifumaneke xa beceliwe.

Ukuba umqeshi akawuhlawuli umvuzo omncinci ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka asombulule ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.

Ngubani ohlawulwa owona mvuzo uphantsi e-UK?

Wonke umntu oqeshwe njengomsebenzi okanye umsebenzi kufuneka afumane uMvuzo ophantsi weSizwe okanye uMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke.

Umzekelo,

• abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo
• abasebenzi bexeshana
• Abo banoqeqesho olufunekayo kulo msebenzi
• abo basebenza kwishishini elincinci okanye 'eliqalayo'

Ikwasebenza naku:

• abasebenzi be-arhente
• abasebenzi bezolimo
• abafundi
• abasebenzi bemini, njengomntu oqeshwe usuku
• abasebenzi bexeshana
• abasebenzi bokulingwa
• abasebenzi bamanye amazwe
• abasebenzi basemakhitshini
• abasebenzi baselunxwemeni
• oomatiloshe
• abasebenzi abahlawulwa ikhomishini
• Abasebenzi bahlawulwa ngokwenani leemveliso ezenziweyo (ipiece work)
• abasebenzi beyure zero

Iindidi kuphela zemisebenzi ezingabandakanywanga zezi:

• umntu osebenza yedwa (uyazikhethela)
• ivolontiya elinye (ngokuzikhethela)
• umphathi wenkampani
• kwimikhosi exhobileyo
• ukwenza amava omsebenzi njengenxalenye yekhosi
• isithunzi somsebenzi
• phantsi kweminyaka yokuyeka isikolo

Uhlala kwikhaya lomqeshi wakho

Unelungelo lowona mvuzo usezantsi uchanekileyo ukuba uhlala kwikhaya lomqeshi wakho, ngaphandle kokuba:

• Ukuba ulilungu losapho lomqeshi, akunyanzelekanga ukuba bakuhlawule ubuncinane bomvuzo.
• Ukuba awulolungu losapho lomqeshi kodwa wabelana ngomsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kwaye awuhlawuliswa ukutya okanye indawo yokuhlala, akufuneki umqeshi akuhlawule ubuncinane bomvuzo.

Uya kunyuka nini umvuzo omncinci e-UK?

Kukho amaxesha apho abasebenzi okanye abasebenzi baya kuba nelungelo lokufumana umvuzo omncinci ophezulu, umzekelo:

• Ukuba urhulumente wonyusa ubuncinci bemivuzo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngo-Epreli ngonyaka ngamnye)
• Ukuba umqeshwa okanye umsebenzi ugqiba iminyaka eyi-18, 21 okanye engama-23 ubudala
• Ukuba umntu oqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ugqiba iminyaka eli-19 okanye ugqiba unyaka wokuqala woqeqesho lwakhe lwangoku

Izinga eliphezulu liqala ukusebenza ukusuka kwixesha lesalathiso somvuzo emva kokunyuka. Oku kuthetha ukuba umvuzo womntu unokunganyuki kwangoko. Ixesha lokubhekisela yinyanga e-1 kwabo bafumana umvuzo wabo ngenyanga ngenyanga. Ixesha lokubhekisela alikwazi ukudlula inyanga ye-1.

eNgilaniYintoni enokutsalwa kumvuzo omncinci?

Umqeshi wakho uvumelekile ukuba atsale imali ethile kuMvuzo ophantsi weSizwe okanye kuMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke. Olu tsalo lulandelayo:

• irhafu kunye nemirhumo ye-Inshurensi yeSizwe
• imbuyekezo ye-advance okanye intlawulo engaphezulu
• iminikelo yomhlalaphantsi
• umvuzo wemanyano
• indawo yokuhlala ebonelelwa ngumqeshi wakho

Yintoni engenakuxhuzulwa kumvuzo ophantsi?

Ezinye iintlawulo ezitsalwayo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nomsebenzi azinako ukuthoba umvuzo wakho ngaphantsi kowona mvuzo uphantsi.

Eminye imizekelo:

• izixhobo
• iyunifomu
• iindleko zokuhamba (ngaphandle kokuhamba ukuya nokubuya emsebenzini)
• iindleko zezifundo zemfundo ezisisinyanzelo

Indawo yokufaka isikhalazo ukuba umqeshi uhlawula ngaphantsi kowona mvuzo uphantsi?

Ukuba umsebenzi akahlawulwanga owona mvuzo usezantsi unokukhalaza kwi-HMRC. I-HMRCImali yeNgeniso yase-UK kunye nezithethe) eyaziwa ngokuba yiNgeniso yeHer-His Majesty's & Customs.

Izikhalazo kwi-HMRC zinokungaziwa. Umntu wesithathu, njengomhlobo, ilungu losapho, okanye umntu osebenza naye, naye unokufaka isikhalazo.

Ukuba iHMRC ifumanisa ukuba umqeshi akawuhlawulanga owona mvuzo uphantsi, amanyathelo ngakumqeshi aquka:

• Ukukhutshwa kwesaziso sentlawulo yemali etyalwayo, ukubuyisela umva ubuninzi beminyaka emi-6
• Isohlwayo sokuya kuthi ga kwi-£20.000 kunye nesohlwayo se-£100 ubuncinane kumsebenzi ngamnye okanye umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo, nokuba ixabiso lentlawulo engaphantsi lingaphantsi.
• Inyathelo lomthetho, kuqukwa namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho
• Ukungenisa amagama amashishini kunye nabaqeshi kwiSebe lezoShishino noRhwebo (DBT), elinokuthi liwabeke kuluhlu lukawonkewonke.

Ukuba umsebenzi okanye umsebenzi akahlawulwanga owona mvuzo uphantsi, banokufaka isicelo kwinkundla yezemisebenzi.

Kufuneka bakhethe ukwenza oku okanye bakhalaze kwi-HMRC. Abanako ukungenisa umba omnye ngeenkqubo ezimbini zomthetho.

Ingakanani imali anokuthi umqeshwa okanye umsebenzi afake ibango ngayo iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwebango alenzayo. Umzekelo, ukuba bacela ukuba umvuzo omncinci awuhlawulwa, banokucela amatyala abo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-2 eyadlulayo.

Ngubani ongenalungelo lokufumana umvuzo omncinci e-UK?

Awunalungelo lokufumana umvuzo omncinci

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zabasebenzi abanalungelo lokufumana uMvuzo weSizwe okanye uMvuzo wokuPhila kaZwelonke:

• abantu abazisebenzelayo nabazenzela amashishini abo
• abaphathi beenkampani
• abantu abazinikeleyo
• Abo basebenza kwinkqubo yengqesho karhulumente efana neNkqubo yoMsebenzi
• amalungu omkhosi oxhobileyo
• Amalungu osapho lomqeshi ahlala kwikhaya lomqeshi
• Amalungu angengomalungu entsapho ahlala kwikhaya lomqeshi, umsebenzi owabelana ngawo kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa, ajongwa njengenxalenye yosapho kwaye akahlawuliswa ukutya okanye indawo yokuhlala, umz. i-au-pairs
• abasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala yokuyeka isikolo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-16)
• abafundi bemfundo ephakamileyo nabemfundo ephakamileyo abenza amava omsebenzi okanye ukufakwa emsebenzini ukuya kutsho kunyaka omnye
• abasebenzi kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente zangaphambi kokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi
• Abantu kwiinkqubo zeManyano yaseYurophu (EU): uLeonardo da Vinci, uErasmus+, uComenius
• Abantu abasebenza ukuya kutsho kwiiveki ezi-6 kulingo lweJobcentre Plus Work
• ukwabelana ngabalobi
• amabanjwa
• abantu abahlala nabasebenza kwindawo yonqulo

Zeziphi ezona yure zininzi zokusebenza ngeveki e-UK?

• Uninzi lwabasebenzi umndilili njengoko ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-48 ngeveki akufanele isebenze. Eli xesha liqhelekileyo 17 iveki ubudala Ibalwa ngexesha lereferensi.
• ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-18 abasebenzi, ngokuzikhethela Banokukhetha ukudlula umda weeyure ezingama-48. Oku,"Iiyure ezingama-48 ngeveki sukuncamaYaziwa ngokuba.
• ngaphantsi kwe-18 abasebenzi, ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-40 ngeveki okanye ngaphezu kweeyure ezisi-8 ngosuku ayikwazi ukusebenza.
• Kukho ezinye iimeko. Umzekelo, abo basebenza kumashishini okanye iinkonzo zikaxakeka ezifuna abasebenzi beeyure ezingama-24 banokusebenza ngaphaya komda weeyure ezingama-48.
• abasebenzi, Iiyure ezili-11 ngeveki ixesha lokuphumla elingaphazanyiswa kwaye Iiyure ezili-24 ngeveki unelungelo lexesha lokuphumla.
• Umvuzo wexesha elongezelelekileyo ngowona mvuzo uphantsi osemthethweni 1,25 amaxesha kufuneka.

Zingaphi iintsuku zekhefu lonyaka elisemthethweni e-UK?

Ilungelo elisemthethweni lekhefu lonyaka

Uninzi lwabasebenzi abasebenza iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki kulindeleke ukuba bafumane ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-28 zekhefu lonyaka elihlawulelwayo ngonyaka. Oku kulingana neeveki ezi-5,6 zeholide. 

umsebenzi wexeshana

Abasebenzi bethutyana abasebenza iiyure zesiqhelo unyaka wonke banelungelo ubuncinane leeveki ezi-5,6 zekhefu elihlawulelwayo, kodwa oku kuya kuba ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-28. 

Umzekelo, ukuba basebenza iintsuku ezi-3 ngeveki, kufuneka bathathe ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-16,8 (3×5,6) zekhefu ngonyaka.

Abantu abasebenza iiyure ezingaqhelekanga okanye inxalenye yonyaka (njengabasebenzi bethutyana) banelungelo lokuya kutsho kwiiveki ezi-5,6 zekhefu elisemthethweni.

Umqeshi usenokukhetha ukumnika ikhefu elingaphezu kwelona lincinane elimiselwe ngokomthetho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba basebenzise yonke imigaqo esebenza kwikhefu elisemthethweni kwikhefu elongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi kusenokufuneka aqeshwe kangangexesha elithile ukuze afaneleke.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukusebenza ngeCawa eNgilani?

Ukusebenza ngeCawa kuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu ukhankanyiwe na kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• ulungiselelo lweshishini
• ingxelo ebhaliweyo yemigaqo nemiqathango

Umqeshwa akanakusetyenzwa ngeeCawa ngaphandle kokuba uyavumelana nomqeshi wakhe aze akubhale phantsi oku (ngokomzekelo, ngaphandle kokuba uyasitshintsha isivumelwano).

Abaqeshi kuya kufuneka bahlawule abasebenzi ngaphezulu ngokusebenza ngeCawe kuphela ukuba oku kuvunyelwene njengenxalenye yesivumelwano.

Ukusebenza ezivenkileni nakwiivenkile zokubheja ngeeCawe

Akufuneki ukuba abasebenzi basebenze ngeCawe ukuba:

• Abasebenzi basevenkileni abaqale ukusebenza kunye nabaqeshi babo ngomhla okanye ngaphambi kowama-26 Agasti 1994 (eMntla Ireland oku kwenzeka okanye ngaphambi kowe-4 kaDisemba 1997)
• Abasebenzi beevenkile zokubheja abaqale ukusebenza nomqeshi wabo ngomhla okanye ngaphambi kwe-2 kaJanuwari 1995 (eMantla eIreland oku kunge-26 kaFebruwari 2004 okanye ngaphambi kwayo)
• Bonke abasebenzi kufuneka baziswe ngelungelo labo lokusebenza ngale Cawa xa beqala ukusebenza.

Ungayeki ukusebenza ngeCawa

Bonke abasebenzi basevenkileni banokuphuma emsebenzini ngeCawa ukuba ingeyiyo kuphela imini abafumaneka ngayo ukusebenza ngeCawa. Bangaphuma emsebenzini ngeCawe nanini na befuna, nokuba sele bevumelene ngoku kwisivumelwano sabo sengqesho.

Abasebenzi basevenkileni kufuneka:

• Ukwazisa abaqeshi babo kwiinyanga ezi-3 kwangaphambili ukuba bafuna ukuyeka
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngeeCawe ngexesha lesaziso seenyanga ezi-3 ukuba umqeshi ucela

Umqeshi ofuna abasebenzi basebenze ngeeCawa ufanele ababhalele aba basebenzi abazise ukuba banokuphuma kulo msebenzi. Kufuneka bakwenze oku kwiinyanga ezi-2 umntu eqala umsebenzi; Ukuba abakwenzi oko, bafuna isaziso senyanga enye kuphela ukuze barhoxe.

Ulwazi olongezelelweyo ngoMvuzo ophantsi wase-UK:

• Ubuncinci bomvuzo wabantu abasebenzayo e-UK ubomi obufanele isidima somntu bazimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaqhubeka.
• Umrholo omncinci, ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo ve i-avareji yeendleko zokuphila kugqitywe ngokuthathela ingqalelo.
• Ukumisela owona mvuzo uphantsi IKhomishini yokuHlawula okuPhantsi Ibhodi ezimeleyo ebizwa ngokuba yi (Low Pay Commission) iyasebenza.
• IKhomishini yokuHlawula okuPhantsi, minyaka le Ingaba umvuzo omncinci uya kunyuswa okanye hayi ve malini ukwandisa ithatha isigqibo.

Ukubaluleka kowona Mvuzo uphantsi:

• Umrholo omncinci, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu ve ukungalingani kwezentlalo inceda ukulungisa ingxaki.
• Umrholo omncinci, amandla okuthenga abasebenzi ukwanda kunye ukusetyenziswa ikhuthaza.
• Umrholo omncinci, ekukhuleni koqoqosho inegalelo.

Iingxoxo malunga noMvuzo ophantsi:

• umrholo omncinci nokuba kwanele Iingxoxo ngalo mbandela ziyaqhubeka.
• Abanye bangaphezulu komvuzo omncinci ukwanda ngakumbi Ngelixa bephikisana ukuba kuyimfuneko
• Abanye bangaphezulu komvuzo omncinci ukwanda kwayo kuya kwandisa intswela-ngqesho ikhusela.

Ubuncinci bomvuzo wabantu abasebenzayo e-UK ilungelo elibalulekileyoilori. Ukunyusa umvuzo omncinci, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu ve ukungalingani kwezentlalo iya kunceda ukulungisa ingxaki.

Ubomi bokusebenza eNgilani

Ubomi bokusebenza e-UK ngokuqhelekileyo busekelwe kwinkqubo esekelwe kwimimiselo yomthetho kwaye ikhusela amalungelo abasebenzi ahlukeneyo. Amalungelo abasebenzi kunye neemeko zokusebenza zenziwe e-UK ngokungenelela rhoqo kukarhulumente kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo. Nalu ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nobomi bokusebenza e-UK:

1. Imithetho neMigangatho yezaBasebenzi: I-UK inenani lemithetho nemimiselo ekhusela amalungelo abasebenzi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo phakathi kwazo nguMthetho wamaLungelo aBasebenzi. Lo mthetho ulawula amalungelo asisiseko abasebenzi kunye noxanduva lwabaqeshi ngabasebenzi.
2. Amalungelo abasebenziAmalungelo abasebenzi e-UK abandakanya iiyure ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, amalungelo ekhefu lonyaka, izibonelelo zentlalo ezifana nepenshini kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nokukhulelwa kunye nekhefu labazali.
3. Intlawulo kunye neRhafu: E-UK, umvuzo wesiseko, njengomvuzo omncinci, unqunywe ngokusemthethweni kwaye abaqeshi abanako ukuhlawula umvuzo ongaphantsi kwalo mvuzo omncinci. Ukongezelela, iirhafu ezifana nerhafu yengeniso kunye neminikelo ye-inshorensi yesizwe itsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kumvuzo womqeshwa.
4. Ukufumana Umsebenzi kunye Nokukhangela Umsebenzi: Abafuna umsebenzi e-UK banokufumana umsebenzi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo kupapashwa kwiiwebhusayithi, amaphephandaba, ii-arhente zemisebenzi kunye neefemu ezifuna abantu. Ukongeza, urhulumente unee-arhente zokugaya kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso ukuququzelela inkqubo yokufumana kunye nokukhangela umsebenzi.
5. Inkcubeko esebenzayo: Inkcubeko yobuchwephesha nesesikweni yoshishino idla ngokuphumelela kwiindawo zokusebenza e-UK. Iintlanganiso zamashishini kunye nonxibelelwano zidla ngokuqhutywa ngolwimi olusesikweni. Ukongeza, kugxininiswa kwiyantlukwano kunye nokulingana emsebenzini.
6. Iimanyano kunye nokumelwa kwabasebenzi: E-UK, iimanyano zabasebenzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abasebenzi kunye nokukhusela iimfuno zabasebenzi. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokusebenza, imibutho yabasebenzi iyasebenza kwaye imele iimfuno zabasebenzi.

Ubomi bokusebenza e-UK bubunjwa ngokutshintsha rhoqo kweemeko zoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo kunye nokuxhaswa yimimiselo yomthetho yangoku. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba abo banqwenela ukusebenza e-UK banikele ingqalelo kwimithetho kunye nemimiselo yangoku.