Isizukulwana saseJamani

Imithetho yegrama yesiJamani inokuba ngumngeni kubafundi, ngakumbi iinkqubo "zobuntlola" ezahlukeneyo kulwimi. I-genitive isetyenziswa ngesiJamani ukubonisa ubunini okanye ukubakho, kwaye kulo mba iyahambelana namanye amatyala. Kweli nqaku, Isizukulwana saseJamani Siza kuhlolisisa umxholo kwaye sinikeze imizekelo ecacileyo yokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Yintoni i-Genitive?

I-Genitive ithetha nje ukuba "yekabani okanye yintoni?" yimeko ephendula umbuzo. Ivakalisa ubunini bento okanye umntu kwisivakalisi. Ngesiqhelo, ukuqonda le meko, uya kuva "Wessen?" (Ngubani?) umbuzo uyabuzwa. Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zisetyenziswayo:

• Ingxelo yobunini: Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi “Das Auto des Mannes” (Imoto yendoda), ingumnini wemoto? Impendulo: "Mannes" (indoda).
• Ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha kwizivakalisi ezide kuye kubhideke ngakumbi apho iimpawu ezibonisa ubunini, kule meko Uhlobo iba yinto ebalulekileyo.

Iindawo zokuSebenza zeGenitiv

Isizukulwana saseJamanisisakhiwo segrama esibalulekileyo sokuvakalisa ubunini kunye nokuba ngumninimzi. Nangona kunjalo, umda wale meko ubanzi kakhulu kwaye usetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku UhloboMakhe sihlolisise iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ngokweenkcukacha:

Ukubonakaliswa koBunini kunye noBunini

Olona setyenziso lusisiseko lwesaenzi kukubonisa ukuba umntu okanye into yeyenye into. Olu setyenziso, "yekabani?" okanye "yeyantoni?" inika iimpendulo kwimibuzo yakho. I-genitive inxulunyaniswa nale mibuzo kwaye ibonisa ubunikazi. Umzekelo:

• Imoto kaMannes (Imoto yomntu)
• Ibhegi yenenekazi (Ibhegi yomfazi)

Apha u-“des Mannes” kunye no-“der Frau” akwi-Genitive case, ebonisa ubunini. ubudoda ve ngathathi hlangothi Izimamva zeGenitive kwizibizo ngu-s okanye u-es, umntu obhinqileyo Akukho zimamva zisetyenziswa kumagama.

Ukusetyenziswa Ngezenzi ezithile

Ezinye izenzi kwisiJamani zifuna ukuba into yesivakalisi ibekwimeko yeGenitive. Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwintsingiselo yesenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zenzi zinxulunyaniswa neengqikelelo ezingabonakaliyo kwaye zivakalisa imeko ngendlela esesikweni okanye enenjongo ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa i-Genitive. Ezinye zezenzi ezibalaseleyo zezi:

• Wamkelekile kumzimba weSache (Ukusebenzisa into)
• Kuyo yonke indawo ikhonkco elinye (Ukutyhola umntu ngento)
• Wonke umntu unezinyo eliswiti (Ukutyhola umntu ngesenzo)

Xa isetyenziswa kunye nezenzi, injongosenzi kwisivakalisi Uhlobo ikwimo ye. Isampulu yezivakalisi:

• “Isityebi singumngqibi kwabafileyo.” (Ijaji yatyhola le ndoda ngobusela.)
• "Wamkelekile kwiWorkshop." (Wasebenzisa isixhobo.)

Usetyenziso olunjalo luxhaphake ngakumbi kulwimi olubhaliweyo nakumaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Ukusebenzisa i-Genitive enezichazi

I-genitive ayisetyenziswa kwizibizo kuphela kodwa kunye nezichazi. Kule meko, izichazi zifanelekile kwisibizo kwimeko yeGenitive kwaye zongezwa kuyo. Ingakumbi kwiilwimi ezisemthethweni nezoncwadi, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa izichazi kunye neGenitive. Umzekelo:

• "Uthuli lwesonka esitsha." (Ivumba lesonka esitsha)
• "Umyezo wesixeko esidala." (Ubuhle besixeko sakudala)

Izichazi zifakwe ngokuhambelana nezibizo ezikwimeko yeGenitive kwaye zibonisa ubunini okanye ubunikazi kwisivakalisi.

I-Genitive eneZibonakaliso zeNdawo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-genitive ngamanye amaxesha kudityaniswa kumazwi abonisa indawo. Ngokukodwa kwimeko yexesha okanye yendawo, i-Genitive isetyenziselwa ukubonisa umgangatho wendawo okanye ixesha. Oku kuqhelekile kwimihla, amaxesha onyaka, kunye nokuchazwa ngokubanzi kwexesha. Umzekelo:

• “Oku kukupheliswa kwamaphakade.” (Ekupheleni kosuku)
• “Lo nguMhla weNtlokoma.” (Emva kwethuba enyakeni)

Ngelixa la mabinzana achaza inxalenye ethile yexesha, adala isakhiwo esiphucukileyo ngokusetyenziswa kweGenitive.

I-Genitive kunye nePrepositions

Amanye amalungiselelo asetyenziswa kuphela ngeGenitiv. Ezi prepositions zingongeza iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwisivakalisi kwaye zixhase ityala leGenitive. Ezinye ze-Genitiv prepositions ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ngaphandle (Nangona)
  • “Ezi zezona mozulu zishushu zimanzi esinokubaleka kuzo.” Sahambahamba nangona imozulu yayimbi.
• Ngelixa (Ngexesha)
  • "Xa imidlalo iqhelekileyo." (Kwanetha ngexesha lomdlalo.)
• Wegen (Ngenxa)
  • "Sibhabhela kwinqwelomoya eselunxwemeni." (Inqwelomoya yahlala imisiwe ngenxa yesaqhwithi.)

Xa isetyenziswa nezi zihlomelo, i-Genitive yongeza umxholo kwisivakalisi ngokumalunga nobudlelwane besiphumo-siphumo okanye ixesha.

I-Genitive kwiZibizo ezingenasiphelo

I-genitive inokusetyenziswa nezibizo ezingachazwanga. Esi sakhiwo sisebenza xa kungacacanga ukuba ngubani okanye yintoni into okanye umntu. Ingakumbi imo engapheliyo yezibizo ein okanye kein Xa isetyenziswa kunye, iGenitiv ivakalisa oku kungaqiniseki ngokucacileyo ngakumbi:

• Einstein Mannes (Indoda)
• Keiner Frau (Akukho mfazi)

Umzekelo izivakalisi:

• "Indlu yomntu sisixeko esikhulu." (Indlu yomntu inkulu kakhulu.)
• “Ke ntokazi yam endiyithandayo, xa ndihamba.” (Akukho luvo lomfazi lwaphulaphulwa.)

IGenitive Noun Amabinzana

I-genitive ikwasetyenziswa kumabinzana ezibizo. Oku kusetyenziswa kukhethwa ukubonisa ukuba isibizo sesinye isibizo kwaye kudibana rhoqo nolwimi olubhaliweyo. Umzekelo:

• "Incwadi yabaFundisi." (Incwadi katitshala)
• "IiNzuzo zabapheki." (Umbono womphathi)

Kula mabinzana, i-Genitive inika intsingiselo ecacileyo ekumiseleni ubunini okanye ubunikazi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwimi olusemthethweni.

Izahlukano eziqhelekileyo ngeGenitiv

NgesiJamani, kukho ezinye iimeko. Ingakumbi izibizo ezithile zobudoda zilandelwa sisimamva u-n okanye u-en. Oku kukwajongwa njengento engaqhelekanga kwimigaqo yolwimi:

• Umfundi → abafundi (Abafundi)
• Umthandazo → Imithandazo (kaMongameli)

Ezo zinxaxhi zisebenza ngokukodwa kwizibizo zamadoda kwaye ziyahluka ngokwesakhiwo sezibizo.

Itheyibhile yeGenitive

Izivakalisi zesampulu

• Ubudoda: IBuch of the Waters ibanzi. (Inika umdla incwadi kayihlo.)
• Owasetyhini: Incwadi yokubhalela intsha. (Ibhegi katitshala intsha.)
• Phakathi: Umdlalo wabantwana yikaputt. (Into yokudlala yomntwana yophukile.)

Ngaphandle kweGenitiv

I-genitive ayisoloko ilula, kukho ezinye iimeko:

• ikakhulu bendoda Kwizibizo, ezinye izibizo eziphela ngo-n okanye -en zidityaniswa nezi zimamva. Umzekelo: “Der Präsident” (UMongameli) → “des Präsidenten” (UMongameli).

ISıkça Sorulan Sorular

Kweziphi iimeko apho iGenitiv isetyenziswa kakhulu?

Isoloko isetyenziswa kulwimi olubhaliweyo, ngakumbi kwimibhalo yoncwadi nakumaxwebhu asemthethweni. Kulwimi oluthethwayo, ulwakhiwo olulula (umz. ukusetyenziswa kwe "von") kuyakhethwa.

Emva kweziphi izenzi ezithi iGenitive isetyenziswe?

Ezinye izenzi zilandelwa ngokuthe ngqo yiGenitive. Imizekelo:

• "Sebenzisa into" (Sebenzisa into)
• "Umntu unoluvo olwahlukileyo" (Ukumangalela umntu ngesenzo)

Enkosi kwezi nkcukacha, ngolwimi lwesiJamani UhloboSikuncede ukuba uqonde indlela yokusebenzisa. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo eyongezelelweyo, zikhululeke ukubuza kwicandelo lamagqabaza.